The incidence of constipation increases with age

Constipation can occur in cats and dogs, especially as they age. An animal is said to be constipated when defecation becomes difficult or impossible.

When faeces remain in the intestine for too long, they retain less moisture and become dry and hard. They are then difficult to expel. As a result, the dog or cat will make efforts to defecate without having a bowel movement for a few days. If this condition persists, the colon may become markedly and irreversibly dilated (known as “megacolon”), and the animal will be unable to defecate.

There are several causes of constipation. Diet seems to play an important role. For example, when a cat or dog swallows foreign bodies such as hair, bones, waste, tissue or stones, it can become constipated. Prolonged lack of exercise, a change of environment or routine (i.e. stress) can also cause constipation. Animals then hesitate to relieve themselves and become constipated. Certain medical problems, such as anal gland infection or a fractured hip, can make defecation painful and lead to constipation. Finally, constipation can be caused by intestinal obstruction, as well as by certain nervous or muscular disorders.

Certain medications can cause constipation. Antihistamines and motility modifiers (such as Imodium®) can slow intestinal function and cause constipation. In some cases, even laxatives can make the situation worse.

How can constipation be prevented? Regular brushing will prevent excessive hair ingestion, and regular exercise contributes to regular bowel movements. You can now buy a new food from your vet that prevents hairballs by dissolving ingested hair. For cats, cleanliness of the litter box is essential, and for dogs, frequent outings to relieve themselves are important. Lubricating laxatives can also be effective. They generally contain a mixture of mineral oil or petroleum jelly and a flavoring ingredient. They soften and lubricate feces, making them easier to expel. As a general rule, pets should have access to fresh water at all times, eat high-fiber foods and not eat bones. Your veterinarian can advise you which measures are best suited to your pet.